Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C is rare, but both IgM positivity and high viral load in the mother are independent predictors of risk, a study in Italy suggests.
Researchers at U.C.O. Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Trieste, and IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy, investigated 126 mother-infant couples and monitored 105 exposed babies for at least 12 months.
Their purpose was to define the risk of transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from mother to infant. Infection occurred in five out of 76 infants (6.6 percent) born to 69 viraemic mothers, but did not occur in any of the 29 infants born to 26 non-viraemic mothers.
Only one of the infected infants was HCV RNA positive one month after birth; the remaining children became positive at the third to fourth month. HCV genotypes of the babies matched those of their mothers.
There were no differences found on a range of variables between the women who transmitted the virus and those who did not. These variables included age, history of drug abuse, human immunodeficiency virus infection, ALT abnormal values, HCV genotype, type of delivery and breast-feeding
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