Previous studies have indicated that exercise acutely induces large increases in UCP3 in skeletal muscle, while endurance training results in marked decreases in muscle UCP3. Because UCP3 expression appears to be regulated by the same mechanism as other mitochondrial constituents, it seemed unlikely that exercise would result in such large and divergent changes in mitochondrial composition.
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that major changes in UCP3 protein concentration do not occur independently of mitochondrial biogenesis and that UCP3 increases as a component of the exercise-induced increase in mitochondria.
We found a large increase in UCP3 mRNA immediately and 3h after a bout of swimming. UCP3 protein concentration was increased ~35% 18h after a single exercise bout, ~63% after 3d and ~84% after 10d of exercise.
These increases in UCP3 roughly paralleled those of other mitochondrial marker proteins. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that endurance exercise induces an adaptive increase in mitochondria that have a normal content of UCP3.
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