Surfactant may successfully treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to gastric aspiration, according to a presentation made on Sept. 15 at the 12th Annual Congress of the European Respiratory Society held in Stockholm, Sweden.
“Gastric content aspiration is the second or third most important cause of ARDS,” write V. Osovskikh and colleagues from St. Petersburg, Russia. “Although aspiration is often witnessed, no proven therapy is available to prevent subsequent inflammatory response and lung consolidation.”
The investigators administered low-dose surfactant to five patients after witnessed gastric content aspiration related to difficult intubation and impaired consciousness caused by sedatives or brain trauma. At admission, all patients had an acute physiology score (APACHE II) between 20 and 27, and none had received any antacids before aspiration of gastric contents. Soon after aspiration, all patients became severely hypoxemic with PaO2/FiO2 between 100 and 170, and they were all placed on mechanical ventilation.
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