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Disease risk markers for schizophrenia relatives identified

Relatives of schizophrenia patients are more likely to have symptoms resembling attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than the general population, possibly indicating those at heightened risk of developing schizophrenia, researchers reveal.

“Attention deficits have been shown to be present throughout the course of the illness in schizophrenia, and are evident event before the illness starts, persist during treatment, and are heritable,” observe Matcheri Keshaven and colleagues, from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania, USA.

To assess whether these ADHD-like symptoms are related to psychosis liability and neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with a vulnerability to schizophrenia, the team assessed 29 young relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 30 healthy controls.

Among the young relatives, nine (31%) were diagnosed with ADHD as a lifetime axis-I disorder, compared with 412% of healthy individuals. Children with ADHD symptoms were found to have attentional dysfunction, as measured on the Continuous Performance Task (digits), which was in contrast to relatives of schizophrenia patients without signs of ADHD.

Such children also had more abnormal neurological soft signs, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, and higher scores on the Chapman’s magical ideation and perceptual aberration scales, indicating an association between the ADHD-like features and elevated psychosis liability. The researchers conclude that their observations suggest the existence of an “enriched” high-risk group of prepsychotic relatives.

 “Early identification of schizophrenia and related psychotic illness in such persons is likely to improve overall outcome and may even have a preventive value,” they conclude in the journal Schizophrenia Research.

Psychosis proneness and ADHD in young relatives of schizophrenia patients, Schizophrenia Research, Volume 59, Issue 1, Pages 85-92 (1 January 2003) Matcheri S. Keshavan, Mandayam Sujata, Akhil Mehra, Debra M. Montrose and John A. Sweeney

הכתבה הועברה ע”י ד”ר רזניק , עורך מדור פסיכיאטריה

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