It may not be possible to differentiate the early clinical features of neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis from non-accidental injury.
Relapsing herpes simplex encephalitis may also mimic recurrent encephalopathy caused by repeated non-accidental injuries. As early diagnosis is clearly vital, infants with an unidentified encephalopathic illness should be examined by neuroradiology and their cerebrospinal fluid tested for herpes simplex virus DNA, say specialists at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England.
Together, these examinations could confirm and differentiate between the two conditions. Although neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis is rare, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality
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