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Periodontal disease associated with premature birth

באדיבות מדיקונטקסט: Last Updated: 2001-07-25 16:13:30 EDT (Reuters Health)

By Michelle Chard

WESTPORT, CT (Reuters Health) – Pregnant women with periodontitis have an increased risk of delivering prematurely, according to a report in the July issue of Journal of the American Dental Association.

Dr. Marjorie K. Jeffcoat and colleagues from the University of Alabama at Birmingham prospectively studied 1313 pregnant women. "Complete periodontal, medical and behavioral assessments were made between 21 and 24 weeks' gestation," they explain.

Medical records were reviewed after delivery to determine the infant's gestational age at birth. According to the paper, 13.6% of the women studied gave birth prematurely (before 37 weeks' gestation).

"Subjects with severe or generalized periodontitis had adjusted odds ratios of 4.45 for preterm delivery before 37 weeks' gestational age," the authors report. The adjusted odds ratio increased to 5.28 for those who gave birth before 35 weeks, and to 7.07 among women who gave birth before 32 weeks.

"The potential implications are two fold," Dr. Jeffcoat told Reuters Health. "In the future we may be able to detect patients at higher risk with a periodontal examination. [And,] if future studies show that periodontal treatment reduces the rate of preterm birth, we may be able to reduce the number of babies born too little and too soon."

She said that her group has started a pilot study in pregnant women with periodontal disease to see if treatment reduces the rate of preterm birth.

"Until the whole story is known," Dr Jeffcoat advised, "all patients should have a periodontal examination, and have periodontal disease treated early," ideally before pregnancy. "Our goal is a healthy mouth in a healthy body, with the end result of healthy babies," she concluded.

JADA 2001;132:875-880.

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