מתוך medicontext.co.il
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Smoking cessation effectively reduces the risk of lung cancer in both men and women, according to a report in the November issue of Chest. This effect is significantly greater for small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) and is most marked in women and in heavy smokers.
In a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies, Drs. Sadik A. Khuder and Anand B. Mutgi, of the Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, examined the effect of smoking cessation on rates of major histological types of lung cancer. They calculated combined estimates of relative risk for 27 case-control and 1 prospective cohort studies published between 1970 and 1999, and conducted separate analyses for men and women.
The researchers found an association between smoking cessation and a reduction in the risk of all major histological types of lung cancer. "The highest reduction was in SCLC and SQC, and the lowest reduction was seen in large cell cancer and adenocarcinoma," they explain.
The physicians note that as the number of years of abstinence from smoking increased, the odds ratio decreased progressively. This was true for all types of lung cancer.
The combined risks for SCLC and SQC were higher in women than in men, the investigators report. In addition, "the dose-response curve for intensity of smoking was steeper in women."
"This finding is clinically significant, as SCLC incidence appears to be increasing more rapidly in women than in men," Drs. Khuder and Mutgi point out. "Increased efforts toward smoking cessation in women would yield earlier and greater reductions in SCLC."
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