Overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who lose weight through either a high-protein or a high-carbohydrate diet experience improved metabolic, endocrine, and clinical parameters, according to the results of a clinical trial to be published in the February issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
In this study, 45 overweight white women were randomized to a high-protein ([HP] 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30% fat) or a low-protein ([LP] 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 30% fat) diet for 16 weeks. In the first phase of the study, which continued for 12 weeks, caloric intake was restricted. The next four weeks of the study focused on weight maintenance. Both the HP and the LP diets were nutritionally complete, and caloric intake and saturated fat intake did not differ between the two diets. All women in the study attended a weekly education/exercise class and were advised to exercise at least 3 times a week. Twenty-eight subjects completed the study (mean baseline body mass index, 37 ± 1.24 m2).
Weight loss and improvements in lipid profile, menstrual cyclicity, and insulin resistance occurred independently of diet type.
Both the HP and the LP diets achieved weight loss. Overall, there was a combined decrease of 14.4% in total fat mass and a 12.5% decrease in abdominal fat, a common symptom of PCOS.
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