The probiotics Lactobacilli and Saccharomyces boulardii were better than placebo in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea, according to a meta-analysis of 9 trials reported in the June 8 issue of the British Medical Journal.
“Probiotics have proved useful in preventing diarrhea, but the number of clinical trials is limited and further controlled trials using different probiotics are needed,” write Frederic Barbut and Jean Luc Meynard, from Hôpital Saint-Antoine in Paris, in an accompanying editorial.
“The key measure for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea, however, is to limit antibiotic use.” Theoretical advantages of probiotics include relatively low cost and few adverse effects, as well as increasing commercial availability as capsules and yogurt-based drinks.
In this meta-analysis, the investigators identified 9 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of probiotics by searching MEDLINE between 1966 and 2000, and the Cochrane Library.
The results of these searches included 2 studies investigating the effects of probiotics in children, 4 using the yeast S boulardii, 4 using Lactobacilli, 1 using a strain of enterococcus-producing lactic acid, and 3 using a combination of probiotic strains of bacteria.
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