The pathogenesis of airflow limitation in a subgroup of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), such as those small airways disease, may be the result of T-lymphocyte abnormalities.
Subsets of COPD patients who smoke, show higher CD8+ T-lymphocyte levels and different CD4+/CD8+ ratios when categorized by airflow limitation. Those patients who smoke and have normal diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide per unit of alveolar volume (DLCO/VA) have lower CD4+/CD8+ ratios compared with patients with low DLCO/VA or with healthy smokers. Also, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) correlates with the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in COPD patients with normal DLCO/VA.
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