Aspergillosis is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in allogeneic hematopoeietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), according to the results of a retrospective study in the Sept. 15 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases. The presence of gram-negative rods is common and should prompt computed tomography (CT) to evaluate for fungal infection.
“Invasive aspergillosis occurs in 4.5%-28% of recipients of HSCT, and it has an attributable mortality rate of 87%,” write George J. Alangaden and colleagues from the Bone Marrow Transplant Group. “In HSCT recipients with chronic GVHD, pulmonary aspergillosis is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization.”
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