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Obesity linked with sleep-related disordered breathing during pregnancy

WESTPORT, CT (Reuters Health) – Despite similar sleeping characteristics, obese pregnant women experience significantly more sleep-disordered breathing than their normal-weight counterparts, according to a report in the November issue of Chest.

In a case-control study, Dr. Paula Maasilta, of Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, and colleagues compared sleep-related breathing in 11 obese pregnant women with 11 normal-weight pregnant controls. They conducted overnight polysomnography during early (after 12 weeks) and late (after 30 weeks) pregnancy.

Obese women had a mean body mass index of 35.4 kg per meters squared at baseline, compared with 23.8 kg per meters squared for controls. By the second polysomnography, obese mothers had gained 12.5 kg and controls had gained 15.9 kg.

The team observed no significant differences in sleep characteristics between the groups. Both obese women and normal-weight women slept more poorly and slept in supine position less during late pregnancy.

"During early pregnancy, their apnea-hypopnea indexes (1.7 events per hour vs 0.2 events per hour; p < 0.05), 4% oxygen desaturations (5.3 events per hour vs 0.3 events per hour; p < 0.005), and snoring times (32% vs 1%; p < 0.001) differed significantly," the investigators report.

The researchers note that these differences persisted into the second polysomnography. In addition, snoring times were further increased in the obese mothers.

One obese mother was diagnosed with preeclampsia and mild obstructive sleep apnea. In addition, one obese mother delivered an infant that exhibited growth retardation.

"The sleep-related disordered breathing in these obese mothers offers one possible explanation for the adverse outcomes of pregnancy reported for this group," Dr. Maasilta and colleagues conclude.

"Further, larger studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings and to characterize potential additional risk factors," they add.

Chest 2001;120:1448-1454.

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