מתוך medicomtext.co.il
LONDON (Reuters Health) – Children born to tall mothers or who fail to grow normally have twice the normal risk of hip fracture in later life, according to the British research team that discovered the link between small birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease.
The latest findings by the Medical Research Council's environmental epidemiology unit in Southampton, England, follow a study of the birth and childhood growth data of more than 7,000 people born in Helsinki, Finland between 1924 and 1933.
Researchers linked this data to later hospital records and found 55 men and 57 women who sustained a hip fracture during 165,404 person-years of follow-up.
The study–published in the journal Osteoporosis International–identified two major determinants of hip fracture: tall maternal height and a low rate of childhood growth.
Hip fracture was 2.1 times more likely in children born to mothers taller than 1.61 metres than in children whose mothers were shorter than 1.54 metres.
The risk was also 1.9 times higher among children with slow rates of growth in height and weight between the ages of 7 and 15 years compared with children in the top growth quartile.
Research leader Professor Cyrus Cooper told Reuters Health that the two risk factors were independent of each other, so children with tall mothers who were also in the bottom growth quartile had four times the normal risk of hip fracture.
He estimated that tall maternal height and a low rate of childhood growth might account for a quarter of all hip fractures.
Researchers have previously shown that growth in infancy is a predictor bone mass in later life–independent of other risk factors such as calcium intake, physical inactivity and smoking.
Cooper said environmental stress during pregnancy–such as poor nutrition, smoking or excessive exercise–might explain the phenomenon. "If the mother is stressed during pregnancy, the baby may reset its endocrine systems to divert energy to survival rather than growth."
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