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Dietary fat restriction in children with hyperlipidemia may be overzealous

WESTPORT, CT (Reuters Health) – The parents of children diagnosed with hyperlipidemia may not allow their children enough dietary fat, which can lead to growth and developmental problems, researchers report in the November issue of the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine.

Dr. Sarah C. Couch from the University of Cincinnati Medical Center in Ohio and colleagues analyzed 3 days of food records for 46 children, mean age 9.7 years, who were diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. These children had attained Step I of the diet recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program for fat before receiving formal nutritional counseling. The researchers compared these children with 34 healthy controls.

Calories derived from fat and saturated fat were significantly lower among the hyperlipidemic children compared with controls (p < 0.001). The control children also consumed 17% more calories compared with the hyperlipidemic children, the researchers found. Most of the decrease in total calorie intake (90%) among the children with hyperlipidemia was due to the decrease in total fat intake.

Dr. Couch's team found that the hyperlipidemic children who were following a low-fat diet prescribed by a parent consumed significantly more total sugar compared with children on unrestricted diets. "Mean intake of total sugars was 29% of total calories, which is substantially higher than established recommendations for dietary sugar," they write.

Hyperlipidemic children on fat-restricted diets also had significantly lower intake of zinc and vitamin E compared with children on unrestricted diets, the investigators report.

"Given the potential for untoward effects of unsupervised very low-fat/low-calorie diets on growth and development and potentially long-term eating behavior, parents of children with newly diagnosed hypercholesterolemia should be strongly encouraged to seek immediate guidance from a registered dietitian after receiving the diagnosis," Dr. Couch and colleagues advise.

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001;155:1225-1230.

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